Great Circlesâ€Definition and Examples in Geography

A great circle is defined as any circle drawn on a globe (or another sphere) with a center that includes the center of the globe. Thus, a great circle divides the globe into two equal halves. Since they must follow the circumference of the Earth to divide it, great circles are about 40,000 kilometers (24,854 miles) in length along meridians. At the equator, though, a great circle is a little bit longer as the Earth is not a perfect sphere. In addition, great circles represent the shortest distance between two points anywhere on the Earths surface. Because of this, great circles have been important in navigation for hundreds of years but their presence was discovered by ancient mathematicians. Global Locations of Great Circles Great circles are easilye based on the lines of latitude and longitude. Each line of longitude, or meridian, is the same length and represents half of a great circle. This is because each meridian has a corresponding line on the opposite side of the Earth. When combined, they cut the globe into equal halves, representing a great circle. For example, the Prime Meridian at 0Â ° is half of a great circle. On the opposite side of the globe is the International Date Line at 180Â °. It too represents half of a great circle. When the two are combined, they create a full great circle which cuts the Earth into equal halves. The only line of latitude, or parallel, characterized as a great circle is the equator because it passes through the exact center of the Earth and divides it in half. Lines of latitude north and south of the equator are not great circles because their length decreases as they move toward the poles and they do not pass through Earths center. As such, these parallels are considered small circles. Navigating with Great Circles The most famous use of great circles in geography is for navigation because they represent the shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Due to the earths rotation, sailors and pilots using great circle routes must constantly adjust their route as the heading changes over long distances. The only places on Earth where the heading does not change is on the equator or when traveling due north or south. Because of these adjustments, great circle routes are broken up into shorter lines called Rhumb lines which show the constant compass direction needed for the route being traveled. The Rhumb lines also cross all meridians at the same angle, making them useful for breaking up great circles in navigation. Appearance on Maps To determine great circle routes for navigation or other knowledge, the gnomic map projection is often used. This is the projection of choice because on these maps the arc of a great circle is depicted as a straight line. These straight lines are then often plotted on a map with the Mercator projection for use in navigation because it follows true compass directions and is, therefore, useful in such a setting. It is important to note though that when long distance routes following great circles are drawn on Mercator maps, they look curved and longer than straight lines along the same routes. In reality, though, the longer looking, the curved line is actually shorter because it is on the great circle route. Common Uses of Great Circles Today Today, great circle routes are still used for long distance travel because they are the most efficient way to move across the globe. They are most commonly used by ships and aircraft where wind and water currents are not a significant factor though because currents like the jet stream are often more efficient for long distance travel than following the great circle. For example in the northern hemisphere, planes traveling west normally follow a great circle route that moves into the Arctic to avoid having to travel in the jet stream when going the opposite direction as its flow. When traveling east, however, it is more efficient for these planes to use the jet stream as opposed to the great circle route. Whatever their use, though, great circle routes have been an important part of navigation and geography for hundreds of years and knowledge of them is essential for long distance travel across the globe.

What Is Ruining America - 2145 Words

â€Å"What is Ruining America?† It is another typical New Year’s Eve in United States and most of America spends the night celebrating a new year with food, alcohol, and friends in an American tradition. Although New Year’s Eve is great night of fun most people know that the next day will just be the start of another year that will most likely go the same as the previous year. With this new year a lot of Americans will participate in another tradition by making a New Year’s resolution. For a significant number of Americans this resolution happens to deal with a huge problem in the United States, weight loss. People who take on this resolution will vow to eat better, work out more and take on more healthy habits, but in reality most people never make it to the goal they set and will most likely take the same exact vow the next year. It is no secret that obesity is a huge problem in the United States especially when it comes to children. In fact child obesit y has more than doubled in the last 30 years and tripled in adolescents (Cherney, 2013). Many people have blamed this problem on different things, but one of the most obvious and most agreed on reason is the amount of processed food that Americans consume. Processed foods are everywhere in today’s culture. It is impossible to turn on the television or drive anywhere without some type of processed fattening food being forced upon you. Processed food is not only causing obesity and health problems, but is also causing a lazyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Technology On Children s Toys1602 Words   |  7 Pagescauses children to become unattached to the world and more plugged into technology. If children become more plugged in the have a higher chance of seeing or hearing inappropriate content. These reasons and more will show one that modern culture is ruining childhood. 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French Essay Research Paper From a young free essay sample

Gallic Essay, Research Paper From a immature age, the Gallic are taught to adhere to a certain agenda which helps them larn to be more independent people as they grow older and go grownups. Typical work hours for the Gallic are from around nine in the forenoon until about six in the eventide. Interestingly tiffin is an of import repast for them and they set aside around two hours in the afternoon for this repast. As a consequence of working late, dinner is normally served around seven. Dinner is the biggest repast of the twenty-four hours, which may dwell of many classs that span over three hours. On the other manus Americans treat the mean working day merely a small otherwise. To get down off, we normally get to work early, possibly around seven or eight. For some of us the slogan is travel to work early, and acquire out early. We will write a custom essay sample on French Essay Research Paper From a young or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So as a consequence our tiffins are normally a half hr to an hr. We unluckily don Ts truly bask our tiffin as the Gallic do since most of the clip we continue working while eating. In America we like to maintain our properties in storage topographic points. Of class most of these things in storage we could make withou t. Well with the Gallic people infinite or storage country is limited. Their life countries are much smaller than ours so obviously they portion. Queerly adequate due to the limited infinite, even in hotels, people remaining in different suites might perchance be sharing the bathroom together. Us, the Americans would hold a bathroom in every room if we could. With respects to infinite, we like to take up every bit much as possible, sometimes to the point where we might be ill-mannered towards others. For case siting on a Gallic metro would be a different experience than siting the metro in New York. The Gallic people tightly squeeze into their seats leting room for other riders. This would neer go on here, we normally stretch out and take up a three seater on the train for ourselves. The Gallic in most state of affairss are much more polite towards each other. They would instead speak to each other in individual than to chew the fat on the telephone. When they do sit down face to face and talk, the topic of their treatment is normally one that challenges the head. On the other manus we Americans we could pass the whole conversation speaking about ourselves.

The Life of Galileo Essay Example For Students

The Life of Galileo Essay The Battle For TruthThroughout the course of history, from era to era, mankind has been on a continuous attempt to perpetuate what they perceive as the truth; and in doing so, embark on a quest to find their true identity and place in life. One must realize that the common theme in all literature is the search for identity and belonging. Bertolt Brecht, author of The Life of Galileo, effectively uses the developing character Galileo Galilei to portray a strong message; a message which five hundred years after the fact has still not been completely comprehended. Through Galileos continuous battle with the Church in prevailing his work, Brecht is telling the readers that in any one mans attempt to propagate the truth, whether it be in terms of literature, discoveries or new technologies, there is always an opposing power to suppress this new found truth. In doing so, it is through such opposing power against the search for truth which suppress our ability to think. In a sincere attempt to eliminate the common generalization that Science is the devil, Brecht uses Galileos external struggles such as those with the church. The writer also uses his personal internal struggles as a basis for developing Galileos character to inform readers of the common yet false misconception of Science and the truth. We will write a custom essay on The Life of Galileo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In many instances throughout the course of this play, The Life of Galileo, Brecht is found to use Galileos struggles with the church and the public as one of the vital backbones of his message. It is quite apparent that Galileo is fighting a battle with the church throughout the play to further spread his findings to enlighten citizens about the scientific truth of the universe beyond ficticious traditional religious values. The church, which served the purpose of the the governments in Italy at that time (around 1600s), consists of the popes and the Italian Renaissance. Drawn from the nobility, the Italian Renaissance are ruthless politicians whose central goal is the expansion of their political power. In an understandable sense, Galileos new findings and teachings pose a serious and susceptible threat to the governments (churchs) scheme of expansion and power. The church fears the lack of strength in the peoples belief in religion because the fundamental structure of religion is t he people themselves. Galileos theories in Science and his views on the Copernicus System and the Book of Discourses would advance and transform the society. Development and change are issues which the church fears due to the fact that advancement undermine the strength of the chruch when changes are brought to religion. The churchs opinion and attitude towards Galileos discoveries are clearly outlined by Sagredo on Pg. 23 as he states:Do you think the Popes will hear your truth and say Wonderful, Im wrong. Do you think hell even listen to you? When I saw you just now, at the telescope, looking at your new stars I saw you standing on burning logs. When I heard you say I believe in reason I smelt burnt flesh. (Brecht 23)What Brecht is telling us through the use of Galileo and his stubborn and persistent need to present his findings, is that even though one is presented with adversities, in Galileos case, the church, one must continue to use reason to spread the truth. In any case, Galileo believes that religion does not necessarily have to be sacrificed in order to advance a society in terms of technology. At this point in the play, he believes that the use of reason can overcome any obstacle in the attempt to prevail the truth; in a sense, what Brecht is telling the readers through Galileos stance against the church is that the ability to think, innovate, and propagate the truth are the key requirments that will enhance our society. In this case, Galileo is faced time and time again with adversaries that tell him to stop what he is doing and to follow the Churchs orders. On page 40, the Old Cardinal tells Galileo that if he is to continue with his research, then he will be exemplifying atheism:VERY OLD CARDINAL: You want to degrade God, though it gives you life and all you have. .Everything is irrefutably seen to depend on me, man, the work of God, the creature at the centre, the image of God,. (Brecht 40)LITTLE MONK: Youve won. .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postImageUrl , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:visited , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active { border:0!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Resource Management in Business EssayGALILEO: It has won! Not me, reason has won! (Brecht 40)After the Old Cardinal implicitly tells Galileo that his research and teachings symbolize atheism, he is approached by Clavius whom tells Galileo that he is right and that he is invited to Rome to show his research. It is interesting to see Galileos response in crediting reason for his achievement. It is here where the reader sees Galileos thoughts and perceptions on life; that science and its achievements should not only be credited to the founder yet the society that encourages these findings; that the progress of human kind as a whole should be the objective of inventions. Using Galileo, Brecht continuously stresses these points throughout the play and is making it clear that he is against the notion of the discouragement of ideas, inventions, and thinking. Although external forces such as the church and other characters do not influence Galileos personal belief, there are also internal forces, such as the battle against self, that also influence Galileos perception on both his work and human kind. It is through his experiences with Andrea, the young protg of Galileo, that we see the character of Galileo at the beginning of the play. In the earlier parts of the play, the reader sees Galileo as a courageous man who is always in pursuit for truth and reason; Galileo increases his power over his students, namely Andrea, as the former overcomes more difficulties in discovering the truth. Andrea immediately feels angry and insulted when others challenge Galileos discoveries; as seen on page 29, Andrea is upset due to the fact that the scholars do not share congruence with Galileo:SARTI: Whats up with you?ANDREA: Theyre stupid. He tears himself away and runs off. This particulare scene illustrates how Andrea worships Galileo and his dedication to Galileos theories. However, throughout the course of this play, instead of seeing a positive growth on the part of Galileos character, we notice that Galileos character is deteriorating as he continuosly fights battles with himself. His priorities as outlined in the earlier stages of the play, namely those of him being courageous and overcoming any struggle in pursuit for the truth and knowledge, are now in question as his will to continue his research slowly declines. On page 40, we recognize the first signs of his loss of motivation on Galileos part; after his conversation with the Little Monk, Galileo halts his research which he has been conducting for the past eight years. The Little Monk uses his familys fate and suffering to prove his point; the point being that Galileos new discoveries will surely upset the society and bring distruption amongst the people. In the final stages of the play, we see a surprising and shocking side of Galileo as he recants his findings and teachings. It is then that one can say that Galileos search for self has ended; he is quick to regret the fact that he has recanted and is demoralized by his actions:I have betrayed my profession. A man who does what I have done cannot be tolerated in the ranks of science. (Brecht 85)Accompanied by the fact that Galileo realizes what he did is wrong, one can also argue that he realizes that the actions of any one human plays a vital role in the progress of society and its mentality; he realizes that science is not merely a group of inventive dwarfs. Instead, science is a way of life. The book of discourses (dealing with the laws of motion), that was published after Galileos recantation, represents a way in which Galileo can contemplate for his unethical and immoral acts by generating knowledge to the public. Although Galileo reassures the making of science by making the bo ok of discourses, nothing can ever bring compensation to the harm which he brought on humanity and the way in which he destroyed the meaning of sacrifice. .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postImageUrl , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:visited , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active { border:0!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Muscle Growth EssayThrough Galileos quest for identity, Brecht is once again sending us a strong message; to think that even a character as strong and sure as Galileo can be altered and changed for the worst, really leaves the readers pondering on one thought; in the journey of prevailing the truth, there will always be an opposing structure that will pose an adversary. One must learn from Galileos life that sacrifice in the way of progression of a society should be recognized and encouraged; Galileo might have failed to show the meaning of sacrifice, but he taught us to think, take risks and understand the true significance of science.

Shylock a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example

Shylock a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example Shylock a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Shylock a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Essay Topic: Play In my opinion Shylock was a victim of the society he lived in. He was a victim because he was a minority in a Christian city where anti-Semitism played an important role in society. In the society in which Shylock lived, there was plenty of racism, so it was easy to paint a picture of Shylock as a villain on evil, based on stereotypical opinions for the society in which he lived. The target audience for which the play was written was largely a racist and a prejudiced audience, so they readily accepted Shylock in the role of Villain, without questioning whether this was an accurate assessment of his personality. Due to the target audience being racist, there is a bias in the way in which Shylock is portrayed, and does not always effectively portray what Shylock was feeling or thinking. Although in some cases Shakespeare did show that he did not have the stereotypical view of Shylock, which most certainly his audience did have. In this essay, I will be expressing my opinion on whether Shylock is a victim or a villain in the society that he lives in. I feel that, Shylock is a victim of the Elizabethan society in which he lived. He seems to be treated badly by everyone who he comes into contact with, including his own servant. It is really only his own kind who seems to respect and treat him properly. In Act 1 scene 3 Shylock is asked to loan 3000 ducats to Antonio by Bassanio. It looks or has been made to look as though Shylock is a villain, this is shown by using repetition, the repetition used in by Shylock is that he seems to mention well a lot, this makes Shylock look like he is planning something, for example how to get revenge on Antonio, also in the beginning of the act Shylock seems to come across as an evil character, this is when he is first introduced into the play. Shylock looks like a villain when he is asked by Bassanio to dine with Antonio, but Shylock replies I will not eat with you, drink with you nor pray with you this sentence made Shylock look like a villain, but if you had to look at it from his point of view, it would be that he has been hated and treated badly all his life by Christians. Then, when Antonio enters the scene you can see how Shylock is treated badly and is a victim in the society he lives in, this point is proven when Shylock says to Antonio You call me a misbeliever and Spit on my Jewish gabardine In the next few scenes in the play we find out that Jessica is ashamed of being Jewish, and consequently is ashamed of her father. She is not happy with her life, and she blames everything that goes wrong on the fact that she is Jewish. As she resents her difficulties and blames them on her religion she also resents her father, and blames him for being Jewish resulting in her also being Jewish, we find this out when Jessica says to Launcelot But though I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners For example in Act 2 scene 3 we find out that Jessica thinks that where she lives is hell. She expresses her feeling to Lorenzo, saying to be ashamed to be my fathers child. This is another point which could make Shylock look like a villain because even his own daughter is ashamed to have him (Shylock) as a father, or this also could look as though Shylock is a victim because he has been victimized and arguments have been caused in his family due to his religion. Christians such as Lorenzo have changed his daughter they have made her ashamed of her own religion and her father. I also think that this does show that Shylock and Jessica do not have a very good relationship if their relationship was stronger she would be prouder of her heritage and less likely to blame everything that goes wrong on her father and their religion. She would accept the familys religion as an important part of her heritage and background, and not something to be ashamed of. In Act 2 scene 5 Shylock looks like a kill joy he seems to give Jessica no freedom and is always controlling her, and not leaving her on her own. This could be because he is in fear of what might happen to her, and thus his controlling her is just Shylocks way of making sure that nothing happens to her, as he wants her to be protected. However because Shylock is portrayed in such a negative way, his control over Jessica could be incorrectly seen as unreasonable and evil so one again he looks like a villain. In this scene there are very good examples which shows how much hatred Shylock has towards Christians for example But yet Ill go in hate, to feed upon the prodigal Christian. In this scene there is dramatic irony, this is when the audience know what is happening and some of the characters do not know what is happening. The use of dramatic irony is used when, Shylock explains his dreams, and he says that he is going to lose something. This is ironic because his daughter Jessica was planning to run away and take all of Shylocks money with her. In Act 3 Shylock seems to be loosing everything he has. His own daughter Jessica had run away and had also stolen all of his precious jewels, and he had done nothing to deserve this. To an audience in Shakespeares time this would look completely normally, they would not understand how upset Shylock probably was, but to a modern audience we can see that he is a victim of society, and there was nothing he could have done to prevent it from happening. The only thing he could do was take revenge from his bond, in my opinion this does not make him a villain because personally I think most people would want revenge on something or anything if that much had happened to them, as it is human nature. To bait fish withal. If it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. This shows how he wants to take his revenge on Antonio because now he finally has the chance to do what ever he can do. In act 3 scene 3 Antonios attitude changes towards Shylock for example he says hear me yet good Shylock this shows that he is a coward and is willing to beg for his life, and he is begging to the person he once spat on, and swore at, so at this point Shylock deserves to be a villain and stand up against his sworn enemy. In Act 4 scene 1 at the beginning Shylock has been made to look like a villain, at this point it looks at though Shylock is going to get his revenge, the one thing he has been waiting for, for his whole life: making him look like a villain and yes I do think he is a villain at this point in time, but only because he has been pushed and pushed by the Christians. He also looks like a really bad villain towards a Shakespearean audience as he has been asked to show mercy but he doesnt. This is shown that Shylock wont give mercy as he uses repetition and repeats many times in six thousand ducats I would not draw them I would have my bond But then in the end or near to the end it seems as though Shylocks luck has changed, and there is dramatic irony used, as the audience know that Shylock is being tricked by Portia, whereas Shylock things that the young lawyer is from a distant city. In the end of the scene Shylock is a victim of society as he has been told that if a drop of a Christians blood is spilt then all his good will be taken away from him. So where he was the villain, then the tables had turned against him, and they not only took his bond away from him, but they also took all his possessions from him, leaving him with nothing and also making him a victim of society. This is also ironic, as when Shylock had the upper hand against his enemies they all begged him for mercy, and told him that what he is doing is wrong, but when the tables had turned against Shylock and he was now the victim, and the Christian society had the upper hand, they did not show that they were better than him and give him mercy, as they had begged him for. This all shows that in the end Shylock was the Victim, and that the society he lived in was the villain towards him, and other Jews. So to summarize in my opinion I believe that shylock was a victim and a villain of the society he lived in, he was a victim due to the fact that he was a minority amongst Christians, and during his time there was a lot of racism against him and his religion, I also believe that Shylock was a villain in some ways because the society had driven him to be villainess meaning that because he was treated so badly, that every time he could get his own revenge back against the Christians he did try to do that, making it look like he is the villain to a Shakespearean audience.

Social policy & housing. refugees, asylum seekers and the homeless Essay

Social policy & housing. refugees, asylum seekers and the homeless - Essay Example William Beveridge identified five key problems that the society faces and stressed the need for elimination of the Giants as he called them. These vices include ignorance, squalor, idleness and disease. His report known as The Social Insurance and the Allied Services was published in 1942 and issued to parliament for consideration (Groves, Murie and Watson 2007). He had proposed the assistance of the working class to the dependent group of the society - those who are working are to save some amount of their salary to assist the needy people such as the unemployed, the sick, widows and widowers, retired and the orphans. By doing this, Beveridge was convinced that the welfare of the state would be met. However, this can not be achieved without proper social policy. Social policy is linked with legislation and social work practice intricately. Social policy is the result of input from various sectors of the society and usually entails wide consultations to address an issue in the society. This is then underpinned in law, thus bring in the legislation aspect. For instance, social services have statutory child care and protection roles which lead to involvement with homelessness and housing policy and legislation (Stewart and Stewart 1992, p. 76). According to the Department for Social Development (2011), social policy streamlines the law to reflect changing social attitudes and making it responsive to the society. Social workers not only need to operate within the law, but also understand social policy in their areas of practice in order to maintain social work values. Social policy also helps social workers to comprehend political and ethical questions on responsibility and also understand individual and societal rights (Krieger and Higgins 200 2, p. 758). The current British housing and urban policy classifies housing according to tenure; owner occupation, housing from local authorities, registered social landlords and private rented housing.

Viruses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Viruses - Assignment Example Scientists had hypothesized that one of the ways in which the first cellular organisms developed was through the mutations that were spread by viruses. This is also how viruses are able to adapt and sometimes jump across species. The HIV virus is a retrovirus meaning that it carries RNA instead of DNA. Once the RNA is injected into the host cell, the machinery begins to start manufacturing viral proteins and other RNA strands in order to replicate. First, the best way to prevent infection would be to give the cells the correct coding in order to prevent the virus from binding to the surface and passing through the membrane. If the virus was able to pass through the membrane, the next line of defense would be to prevent translation from occurring in order to prevent the viral proteins from assembling and replicating. This means inhibiting enzymes such as RNA polymerase and other protein-assisting enzymes. The only way for this to be accomplished would be through advanced genetic sequencing or through molecular restructuring of the immune system to counteract the binding effects of the